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The fact that China's total economic output has surpassed 130 trillion yuan indicates several key points: it reflects the country's significant economic growth and development over the years, showcases its increasing influence in the global economy, and highlights the effectiveness of its economic policies and reforms. This milestone also suggests a growing domestic market and potential for further investment and consumption, positioning China as a major player in international trade and finance.

In 2024, China's total economic output reached 134.9 trillion yuan, marking the first time it has surpassed 130 trillion yuan, with a growth of 5% compared to the previous year, successfully achieving the main expected goals. The continuously rising figures vividly reflect the increasing comprehensive strength of the country. Looking back at the economic report card of China in 2024, I believe it can be interpreted from several aspects: strong strength, abundant innovation, and widespread welfare. Strong strength - From a global perspective, China's economic output remains the second largest in the world. China's 5% economic growth rate ranks among the top of major economies and serves as an important driving force for global economic growth. Domestically, key indicators such as production, demand, prices, and expectations have all shown positive changes. In 2024, supported by the "two重" and "two新" policies, China's total retail sales of consumer goods and fixed asset investment reached 48.8 trillion yuan and 51.4 trillion yuan, respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of 3.5% and 3.2%; the consumer price index rose by 0.2% year-on-year; the manufacturing purchasing managers' index has remained in the expansion zone for three consecutive months since October 2024. These data indicate that China's economy has strong endogenous momentum and risk resistance capacity. Abundant innovation - In 2024, China ranked 11th globally in innovation capability, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in terms of innovation over the past decade. China's R&D investment continues to increase, with the R&D expenditure intensity in 2024 rising by 0.1 percentage points compared to 2023. The added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing industries above designated size accounted for 16.3% and 34.6% of the added value of industries above designated size, respectively, increasing by 0.6 and 1.0 percentage points compared to 2023. Emerging industries such as new energy vehicles, integrated circuits, and industrial robots are thriving. The rise of these new driving forces is like a strong wind, propelling the sails of the Chinese economy forward. Widespread welfare - In 2024, China's grain production reached a historic high, surpassing 1.4 trillion jin for the first time. The national urban surveyed unemployment rate remained at a low level, with an average of 5.1%, down 0.1 percentage points from 2023; the per capita disposable income of residents steadily increased, with a real growth of 5.1% after adjusting for price factors. The scale of the employed population lifted out of poverty has remained stable at over 30 million for four consecutive years, and significant progress has been made in people's livelihood sectors such as education, healthcare, elderly care, and childcare. These achievements have allowed the public to genuinely feel the benefits and welfare brought by economic development. The 5% economic growth rate in 2024 lays a solid foundation for the orderly development of economic work in 2025. Despite the deepening adverse effects brought by changes in the external environment, China's economy faces many risks and challenges on its path forward. However, we must remain confident; the development of China's economy has never been smooth sailing. It is precisely through overcoming various difficulties that it continues to grow stronger. At the same time, China's economic foundation is stable, with many advantages, strong resilience, and great potential. The long-term supportive conditions and basic trends for positive development remain unchanged. In the new year, we will strengthen our confidence in development, maintain strategic determination, and work together to consolidate the upward trend of economic recovery, allowing the giant ship of the Chinese economy to continue sailing steadily and far along the course of high-quality development.

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China's economy has reached a new level - A look back at China's economy in 2024 (Part 2)

"In 2024, China's total economic output reached 134.9 trillion yuan, marking the first time it has surpassed 130 trillion yuan, with a growth of 5% compared to the previous year." Recently, the National Bureau of Statistics announced the economic performance of the country for 2024. The breakthrough of 130 trillion yuan in China's total economic output signifies a more solid economic foundation, a stronger advantage of a super-large market and a complete industrial system, and a continued positive contribution to global prosperity and development. Xinhua News Agency reported by Meng Lijing and Fang Dongxu. In 1952, China's GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan. After the reform and opening up, China's economy developed rapidly, with the total economic output surpassing 1 trillion yuan in 1986, 10 trillion yuan in 2000, and exceeding Japan in 2010 to become the world's second-largest economy. Entering a new era, China's economic strength has continued to grow, with the total economic output doubling, standing at a new and higher historical starting point. Looking at the timeline, in 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, and 2021, China's total economic output successively crossed the thresholds of 60 trillion yuan, 70 trillion yuan, 80 trillion yuan, 90 trillion yuan, 100 trillion yuan, and 110 trillion yuan, breaking through 120 trillion yuan in 2022 and surpassing 130 trillion yuan in 2024. The breakthrough of 130 trillion yuan in China's total economic output means that the country's economic strength, technological strength, and comprehensive national power have reached a new level. It indicates that the foundation for development is more solid, the conditions are better, the driving force is stronger, and the ability to resist risks is enhanced. It also signifies that China has made new important contributions to global development. This can be viewed from the following aspects: First, China's economic foundation is more solid. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party, China's total economic output has basically surpassed a 10 trillion yuan threshold every 1 to 2 years. The total economic output broke through 100 trillion yuan in 2020, followed by 110 trillion yuan in 2021 and 120 trillion yuan in 2022, and by 2024, it exceeded 130 trillion yuan, achieving a historic leap from over 50 trillion yuan to over 130 trillion yuan in just over a decade, significantly enhancing comprehensive national power. In 2024, the economic increment of China is equivalent to the annual economic volume of a medium-sized country. The level of social productivity has significantly improved, with the added value of the secondary and tertiary industries reaching 49.2 trillion yuan and 76.6 trillion yuan, respectively. The production of new energy vehicles exceeded 13 million units, and the annual production of mobile phones surpassed 1.6 billion units, maintaining China's position as the world's largest manufacturing country. Second, the advantages of China's super-large market and complete industrial system are further consolidated. In the face of unprecedented global changes and increasing external instability and uncertainty, a strong economic foundation, the advantages of a super-large market, and a complete industrial system remain our greatest confidence in responding to risks and challenges. In 2024, China's total retail sales of consumer goods and fixed asset investment reached 48.8 trillion yuan and 51.4 trillion yuan, respectively. The role of domestic demand as the main driving force continues to be realized. China's goods trade, foreign exchange reserves, and manufacturing scale rank first in the world, while the scale of service trade and domestic consumption market ranks second. The capacity for food and energy security has been consolidated and improved, and new infrastructure such as 5G, computing power, and energy storage is being rapidly deployed. The strong chain and supplementary chain in manufacturing are being solidly advanced, and the foundation for safe development is being consolidated. Third, China continues to make positive contributions to global prosperity and development. Over the years, China's annual contribution rate to global economic growth has been around 30%, making it the largest driving force for global economic growth. China is unwavering in promoting high-level opening up, introducing more autonomous and unilateral opening policies, expanding a high-standard free trade zone network aimed at the world, and maintaining its position as the second-largest import market for several consecutive years. In 2024, the scale of goods imports reached 2.6 trillion US dollars, providing new opportunities for open cooperation in the global market. At the same time, we must also be clear that China is still the largest developing country in the world, with a significant gap in per capita GDP compared to developed countries. Issues of unbalanced and insufficient development are still prominent, and achieving the long-term goals set for 2035 will require tremendous effort. Furthermore, while continuously achieving growth in total economic output, we must also accelerate the cultivation of new productive forces, continuously optimize the economic structure, promote coordinated regional development, and ensure that all people better share the fruits of reform and development. On the new journey in the new era, we must fully, accurately, and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, focus on promoting high-quality development, and strive to advance steadily towards the goal of Chinese-style modernization.

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The first day of the Spring Festival holiday saw smooth and orderly road traffic nationwide.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 28 (Reporter Ren Qinqin) - On January 28, the eve of the Spring Festival, the reporter learned from the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security that the return home before the festival is nearing its end, and the traffic flow on major highways continues to decline. From the monitoring of key points on highways and ordinary roads, from 0:00 to 18:00 on the 28th, the traffic flow decreased by 20.9% and 26.7% respectively compared to the previous period. Except for a few sections with heavy traffic and slow movement, and sections affected by snow and ice, road traffic across the country is stable and orderly. As of 20:00, there have been no reports of serious traffic congestion or major traffic accidents. Traffic management departments across the country are strengthening analysis and judgment based on changes in traffic flow, deploying targeted duties, and traffic police and auxiliary police are steadfastly guarding the front line of traffic safety during the Spring Festival, enhancing road patrol and control, maintaining good traffic order, and ensuring the public's safe and smooth travel. Starting from the first day of the Lunar New Year, the public's travel is gradually increasing. The Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security reminds drivers that during the Spring Festival celebrations and gatherings, safety should always be a priority. When dining with friends and family, remember not to drink and drive. In rural areas, do not overcrowd agricultural tricycles, tractors, and vans. When driving through intersections without traffic lights, pay attention to observation and yield courteously. When driving on winding and sloped roads, reduce speed and do not overtake. When heading to temples and scenic spots, check parking information in advance, and reduce speed and follow the order when driving on mountain roads or roads near water and cliffs.

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"China's economy has confidence" - Steady and far-reaching: The realistic representation of China's economic resilience and the path to enhancement.

Author: Hong Tao (Professor at the School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology), Yang Hang (PhD student at the School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology) According to preliminary calculations, in 2024, China's GDP will reach 134 trillion yuan, breaking the 130 trillion yuan mark for the first time, with a year-on-year growth of 5%. The Chinese economy continues to maintain a strong momentum of development amidst a complex and changing domestic and international environment. During the Spring Festival in 2025, streets and alleys across the country will be adorned with festive decorations, radiating a joyful holiday atmosphere. People will purchase New Year goods, travel, and visit relatives and friends, with the consumption market related to "food, accommodation, transportation, travel, shopping, and entertainment" showing vigorous vitality, further highlighting the strong resilience and immense potential of the Chinese economy. Looking back over the past decade, China's economy has undergone multiple tests in a complex domestic and international environment. On one hand, factors such as slowing population growth, changes in capital flows, and shifts in emerging industries and consumption trends have prompted China's economy to transition towards optimizing its industrial structure and achieving high-quality development. On the other hand, we also face external challenges such as rapid changes in the international situation, slow global economic recovery, increasing geopolitical instability, and rising uncertainty and volatility. Despite this, China's economy still demonstrates characteristics of "strong pressure resistance and rapid recovery." In the new era, it is of great significance to deeply consider how the Chinese economy can achieve strong resistance and recovery capabilities amidst multiple pressures, which is crucial for coordinating high-quality economic and social development. The Source of Resilience in the Chinese Economy Economic resilience mainly refers to the ability of an economic system to resist, recover, and transform in the face of external shocks. This ability not only depends on intrinsic characteristics such as economic scale and industrial structure but also relies on a series of complex factors including institutional arrangements, policy guidance, and scientific technology. Specifically, the resilience of the Chinese economy, which has maintained stability and continuously improved during multiple external shocks, is mainly reflected in the following three aspects: The strong resilience of the Chinese economy is manifested in its ability to resist risks and shocks. As the world's largest manufacturing country, China's industrial system possesses comprehensiveness and independent integrity, covering all industrial categories in the United Nations' industrial classification. This comprehensive industrial structure not only helps to mitigate the impact of external shocks on the Chinese economy but also prevents the risk of economic recession due to over-reliance on a single development path. In addition, China's strong industrial supporting capabilities and ongoing infrastructure construction further enhance the national economic system's ability to withstand short-term pressures. A well-developed industrial support capability ensures the stability and responsiveness of the supply chain, while advanced infrastructure lays a solid foundation for technological innovation and industrial upgrading. Particularly, for breakthroughs in "bottleneck" technologies and control over key core technologies, a good infrastructure environment is an indispensable supporting condition. This not only helps to build a high-end industrial system but also provides strong support for China to move to a higher level in the global value chain. The strong resilience of the Chinese economy is reflected in its ability to adapt to changes and continuous transformation. With technological innovation at its core, China has deeply implemented an innovation-driven development strategy, promoted the construction of a world-class technological power, significantly improved its overall technological level, and vigorously promoted the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial development. Data shows that in 2024, the added value of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing above designated size accounted for 16.3% and 34.6% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size, respectively, increasing by 0.6 percentage points and 1.0 percentage points from the previous year, indicating continuous improvement in advanced manufacturing capabilities. Investment in high-tech industries grew by 8.0% year-on-year, reflecting strong market confidence in high-tech industries and a strong demand for technological upgrades. Thus, it is evident that China's development momentum in fields such as intelligent manufacturing and service automation is strong, and new driving forces for economic growth are taking shape. The strong resilience of the Chinese economy stems from the unique advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. This system not only concentrates resources and forces to respond to major challenges, fully leveraging latecomer advantages to accelerate development, but also flexibly mobilizes resources in the face of internal and external shocks and effectively resolves crises using diversified policy tools, thereby strengthening the robustness of the economy at the institutional level. Practice shows that in the context of globalization, China has the ability to unite various forces, integrate material and spiritual resources from all sectors of society, and fully address complex problems, maximizing the protection of people's lives and property. At the same time, China focuses on identifying and addressing weak links in economic recovery and stable development, providing solid support for economic growth through optimized resource allocation and solving key problems. Practical Approaches to High-Quality Economic Development in China Currently, the global economic landscape is undergoing unprecedented profound changes, with frequent extreme events such as geopolitical conflicts, intensifying the risks and challenges faced by China's economy. In this context, reviewing and summarizing the driving factors behind China's strong economic resilience in the past, and proposing practical and feasible approaches, is particularly crucial for promoting high-quality development in the new era. 1. Focus on enhancing the resilience and security level of industrial and supply chains. First, leverage institutional advantages to concentrate efforts on breaking through key core technologies. Accelerate mechanism innovation, support enterprises to become the core driving force of innovation, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the industrial chain through the deep integration of innovation chains, industrial chains, capital chains, and talent chains. Second, optimize the flow of international production factors. Eliminate barriers to cross-border cooperation, improve the level of economic internationalization, promote high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative, and deepen industrial cooperation among participating countries; at the same time, further improve the business environment through deepened reforms in free trade pilot zones, attract more foreign investment into the Chinese market, and expand the scale of outward investment. Third, eliminate local protectionist barriers by building a unified national market, ensuring smooth circulation of goods and production factors nationwide, achieving more efficient resource allocation and sustainable healthy economic development. 2. Deepen the integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. First, promote the close integration of technology and the economy, giving rise to new industries, new business formats, and new models, and drive the upgrading of industrial and value chains through the application of new technologies, especially disruptive technologies. Second, strengthen the role of enterprises as the main body of innovation, jointly establish innovation consortia, build technology innovation platforms oriented to market demand, and promote collaboration between enterprises and universities, research institutions, etc., to tackle key core technologies and establish close partnerships. Third, improve institutional mechanisms to support the collaborative promotion of support for leading technology enterprises, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, talent cultivation, and the optimization of technological innovation mechanisms, establish and improve the intellectual property protection system, optimize fiscal and financial policies to provide necessary funding support for innovation activities, and strengthen inter-departmental coordination and cooperation to promote resource sharing, creating a favorable environment for the whole society to actively participate in innovation. 3. Continuously strengthen the expected management of resilient economic growth. First, cultivate new quality productive forces, promote the development of new technologies, new models, and new business formats, and build production relations that meet the development needs of the new era, adding new momentum to economic growth. Second, deepen institutional and mechanism reforms, optimize market mechanisms, correct distortions in factor markets, reduce friction costs in economic operations, and improve capital output efficiency and resource allocation effectiveness. Third, stimulate endogenous growth momentum, enhance the stability and risk resistance of economic operations, fully utilize China's vast market size and domestic demand potential, and construct a new development pattern that prioritizes domestic demand and promotes mutual reinforcement between domestic and international markets.

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Connecting the global hardware "win-win chain"

In response to the current domestic and international economic development situation and in line with the trends of the times, this exhibition has adopted a series of new measures and methods to seek breakthroughs for industry enterprises, unblock bottlenecks in the industrial and supply chains, and create a "win-win chain" in the global market. It aims to establish CIHS as a professional trade expansion and information exchange platform that embodies forward-looking industry trends and cutting-edge development concepts, contributing to the cultivation of new productive forces in the hardware industry and continuously promoting high-quality development in the sector. It is reported that this CIHS exhibition covers an area of 120,000 square meters, showcasing products across the entire hardware industry chain, including hand tools, power tools, pneumatic tools, abrasives, welding equipment, fastening equipment, construction hardware, garden tools, personal protective equipment, locks, hardware processing and manufacturing equipment, and small machinery. More than 2,800 domestic and international exhibitors are participating, with major exhibition groups and overseas exhibitors coming from countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, Germany, Italy, Serbia, Japan, South Korea, India, Pakistan, and Taiwan, China. The exhibition will host over 30 exciting forums and activities, gathering industry elites to provide comprehensive industry insights from cutting-edge trends to innovative technology applications, helping to seize new opportunities in the hardware industry. It is expected to attract around 70,000 buyers and professional visitors from nearly 100 countries worldwide. CIHS 2024 is committed to creating a new high ground and platform for showcasing new products and technologies in the global hardware industry, promoting trade exchanges and cooperation in the industry, and continuously playing a positive role in facilitating communication, friendship, and transactions among global hardware peers. Outstanding Results in Investment Promotion and Precise Trade Matching As a top international professional hardware exhibition platform, the China International Hardware Show (CIHS) has made dual efforts in exhibition recruitment and investment promotion, aiming to build a high-quality trade exchange platform for exhibitors and buyers. As of now, tool companies registered for the exhibition include Wending Weili, Jiangsu Hongbao, Great Wall Precision, Jiangsu Jie Jie, Hangzhou Juxing, Lin'an Tool Manufacturing, Hebei Zhongbo, Ningbo Jinding, Dalian Far East, Shanghai Ximei, Badar Electromechanical, Little Sun Grinding Wheel, Zhejiang Yeniu, Zhejiang Rongcheng, Tiangong International, Feida Group, Jiangsu Fengtai, Danyang Huachang, Fangda Holdings, Chongqing Hongyuan, Sichuan Foreign Trade, Yongkang Wenkai, Zhejiang Dongya, and others. Lock companies include Yantai Sanhuan, Kaidishi, Deshman, Luku Technology, Kunshan General, Guangdong Sakura, Chuangmi Shulian, Wei Oxi, Mingmen, Jianshi Lock Industry, Meihua Lock Industry, Shengli Industrial and Trade, Wangli Security, Philips, Zhejiang Xinjuli, Jindian Yuanzi, Jianlang Haibeisi, Techang Heng, Jinlei Lock Industry, Wu's Lock Industry, Leilisi Lock Industry, Hangzhou Yinsuo, Meike, Jinshide, Wangtong, Thumb, Wenzhou Keli, Jixin Lock Core, Changjia Security, Ruifeng Lock Industry, Jinhao, Dixiangda, Yongzheng Lock Industry, Boyu Lock Industry, Hongcheng Lock Industry, and Baogu Intelligent. Construction hardware companies include Longquan Sword, Qinglong Sword, Lingyun Sword, Huajian, Kenai Xin, Zhejiang Tiankai, and Hebei Tianfeng. The hardware industry clusters and local industry associations from various regions, including the Hardware Capital of China (Yongkang), the Tool Hardware (Screwdriver) Industrial Base (Jiande), the Tool Industry Base (Jinhua), the Hardware Products Industrial Base (Lin'an), the Hardware Fastener Industrial Base (Xiaolan), the Wire Mesh Capital of China (Anping), the Padlock Industrial Base (Pujiang), the Hardware Nail Industrial Base (Longyao), as well as Shandong Hardware Scales, Danyang Superhard Materials, and Danbei Hardware Tools, have also formed groups to register for the exhibition. This year, the organizers have implemented several new measures for investment promotion. In terms of audience invitation, they have utilized the exhibition's @home platform to attract past professional visitors, further enhancing exhibition efficiency; invited global customers to participate through traditional email EDM, call centers, and other methods, providing necessary assistance and support; and distributed visitor tickets at over 30 well-known related exhibitions both domestically and internationally. In terms of media promotion, the exhibition press releases have been sent to nearly 500 domestic and foreign media outlets, and videos have been distributed on platforms such as Douyin, WeChat Video, and Kuaishou; promotion has been conducted through domestic and international social media platforms and search engines to attract more international customers' attention and participation, with published tweets covering mainstream English-speaking countries as well as Japan, South Korea, Europe, and regions along the Belt and Road. According to the organizers, a series of effective promotional activities have achieved significant results. Currently, merchants from nearly 100 countries and regions, including Algeria, Afghanistan, Argentina, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Ireland, Austria, Australia, Poland, Denmark, Germany, Russia, France, the Philippines, Colombia, Costa Rica, South Korea, the Netherlands, Malaysia, the United States, Norway, Portugal, Japan, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Tanzania, Turkey, Israel, Italy, India, Indonesia, the United Kingdom, Vietnam, Chile, and Taiwan and Hong Kong, China, have confirmed their intention to visit the exhibition for procurement. Four trade matching groups from Europe, North America, Southeast Asia, and clients from the Canton Fair have also confirmed their participation in one-on-one matching activities at the exhibition. Merchants from dozens of countries and regions, including the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, Panama, Belarus, Bulgaria, Poland, Russia, Ecuador, Gambia, Colombia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Peru, Moldova, Mexico, Nepal, El Salvador, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Venezuela, Ukraine, Singapore, and others, have made procurement inquiries to the organizers, and both parties are actively cooperating to facilitate good communication between enterprises and merchants.

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In-depth analysis of hinge knowledge, after reading this you will also become half a hinge expert!

### In-Depth Analysis of Hinge Knowledge: Become a Semi-Expert After Reading! In daily life, hinges are a common type of connector widely used in furniture, doors and windows, automobiles, and machinery. However, most people's understanding of hinges may be limited to their surface functions—connecting and rotating. Today, we will delve into the knowledge of hinges, taking you into this seemingly simple yet actually complex world, so that after reading, you can also become a semi-expert on hinges! #### 1. Basic Concept of Hinges A hinge, simply put, is a connecting device that allows relative rotation between two objects. It typically consists of two or more leaves (or arms) that are fixed together by a pin or bolt, forming a joint that can rotate. The design of the hinge allows the connected objects to rotate freely within a certain range while maintaining stability and reliability at the connection point. Depending on their use and structure, hinges can be classified into various types, such as butt hinges, spring hinges, sliding hinges, and concealed hinges. Each type of hinge has its specific application scenarios and advantages and disadvantages, making the choice of the right hinge crucial for ensuring product quality and performance. #### 2. Working Principle of Hinges The working principle of hinges is mainly based on their unique structural design. When two objects are connected by a hinge, the leaves of the hinge rotate around the pin or bolt, allowing for relative movement of the objects. During this process, the hinge must withstand certain loads and friction, so the choice of materials and manufacturing processes is very important. High-quality hinges are usually made from high-strength, corrosion-resistant materials, such as stainless steel and aluminum alloys. These materials not only have good mechanical properties but can also resist external environmental erosion to a certain extent, extending the lifespan of the hinge. Additionally, the manufacturing process of the hinge directly affects its performance and reliability. For example, precise machining and heat treatment can improve the hardness and wear resistance of the hinge, reducing friction and wear. #### 3. Application Fields of Hinges The application range of hinges is very broad, covering almost all situations that require connection and rotation. In the furniture sector, hinges are key components that connect cabinet doors to the cabinet body, and their quality and performance directly affect the user experience and lifespan of the furniture. The door and window sector also relies on hinges to support easy opening and closing while maintaining a stable structure. Moreover, hinges play an important role in automobiles and machinery. In cars, hinges are used to connect parts like doors and hoods, ensuring they can open and close smoothly. In machinery, hinges connect various moving parts to achieve complex motion trajectories and actions. #### 4. Purchasing and Installing Hinges Choosing the right hinge is key to ensuring product performance and quality. When selecting hinges, we need to consider multiple factors, such as load capacity, rotation range, and usage environment. Load capacity refers to the maximum load the hinge can bear, which needs to be determined based on the actual application scenario. The rotation range determines the angle and range of motion of the objects, which needs to be selected according to specific design requirements. When installing hinges, we need to pay attention to the following points: First, ensure the accuracy and flatness of the installation position to avoid deviations or unevenness during installation; second, choose appropriate connectors and fasteners to ensure the hinge is securely fixed to the object; finally, conduct necessary adjustments and checks to ensure the hinge rotates flexibly and reliably. #### 5. Maintenance and Care of Hinges Although hinges have been designed and manufactured with durability and reliability in mind, they still require maintenance during use.

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The difference between hinges and pivot hinges: 1. **Hinge**: A hinge is a mechanical device that connects two solid objects, allowing them to rotate relative to each other. It typically consists of two plates (leaves) that are attached to the objects and a pin that holds them together, enabling the objects to swing open and closed. Hinges are commonly used on doors, gates, and cabinets. 2. **Pivot Hinge**: A pivot hinge, on the other hand, is a type of hinge that allows a door or panel to rotate around a single point, usually located at the top and bottom of the door. Unlike traditional hinges that are mounted on the side, pivot hinges are installed at the top and bottom edges, allowing for a smoother and more stable opening and closing motion. Pivot hinges are often used in heavy doors or in situations where a clean aesthetic is desired.

Hinge Introduction: A hinge is a metal or non-metal component that connects two parts of furniture, consisting of two plates connected by a pin. Its main function is to connect and allow relative rotation between the two parts. It is widely used in the opening and closing of doors and windows, and can be classified into various types such as ordinary hinges, pipe hinges, and gate hinges based on their characteristics and uses. Introduction to Hinges: Hinges typically use a four-bar or six-bar structure to withstand external forces such as vertical gravity and wind. In modern homes, hydraulic hinges are particularly common due to their buffering function, which effectively reduces collision noise when doors and windows close. Hinges can be divided into visible hinges and concealed hinges, with the former commonly used for doors and the latter often found on furniture. Differences Between Hinges and Hinges: Although both hinges and hinges are used for connection and rotation, they differ in structure and usage. Hinges primarily connect fixed parts and movable parts, such as the connection between a door and a wall; whereas hinges are more flexible, used for connections between fixed and movable objects as well as between movable objects. Differences in Appearance and Function: Hinges typically have a pivot structure and are made from materials such as iron, copper, or stainless steel; while hinges have a rod system structure that allows for both linear and rotational movement. Functionally, hinges are mainly used for the rotation of doors and windows, while hinges have a wider range of applications, such as the installation of cabinet and wardrobe doors. Differences in Installation Position and Usage Method: Hinges are mostly used for the installation of doors and windows, while hinges are more commonly found in cabinets and wardrobes. Additionally, hinges require the use of a brace to prevent wind damage, while hinges can be used independently due to their built-in damping. Usage Precautions: When choosing to use hinges or hinges, it is necessary to consider the specific situation. For example, casement windows typically use hinges, while oversized casement windows may require multiple hinges to share the load. Furthermore, attention should be paid to the materials, sizes, and other parameters of hinges and hinges to ensure they are suitable for specific installation environments and usage needs.

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